Carbyne-enriched carbon anchored on nickel foam: A novel binder-free electrode for supercapacitor application
Graphical abstract
Introduction
Evolving technological innovations in the electronic field urge the need for renewable energy sources over fossil fuels to meet energy demand [1]. To overcome this issue, significant interest in novel materials have been put forth. In this regard, carbon and carbon family is a promising candidate due to their peculiar properties in the arena of energy storage and conversion system [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. Among various electrochemical storage system, supercapacitor (SCs) outnumbers in virtue upon comparing with conventional batteries in terms of long cycle life, comparable energy, and high-power density, environmentally friendly and maintenance-free system [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. The SCs can be classified into two types based on the charge storage mechanism, i.e., electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLC) and pseudocapacitors (intercalation/deintercalation). The former stores charges via adsorption/desorption of electrolyte ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, whereas the latter stores charge via fast faradic reactions occur at the surface of the electrode materials [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]. Usually, the carbon material is used for the electric double-layer capacitor while transition metal oxide, transition metal chalcogenides, and conducting polymer are used as redox capacitor [18]. In spite of having fast response time, the carbon-based materials suffer from low intrinsic capacitance [19]. In addition, redox capacitors lack efficient performance due to their insulating behavior, despite possessing high energy and power density [20]. To resolve the aforementioned limitations, the synthesized material should possess both carbon and redox capacitive material. This can be achieved by synthesizing the carbon material by a chemical treatment that will enrich the surface functionalities [21], [22], [23], [24]. The carbon based material is mostly used as electrode material for SCs application owing to their cost-effective, outstanding conductivity, less weight, and eco-friendly in nature. Additional it possess various form of structures (powder, onion, fiber, aerogel, and so on), an amusing variety of dimensionality from 0 to 3D (carbon dot, CNT, Graphene, and graphite), modest processing ability and relatively low cost making the researcher to focus on the carbon and carbon-based derivatives as an attracting electrode material for SCs application [25], [26], [27], [28]. Even though there is lots of carbon-based material as an electrode for SCs application, still researcher is focusing on the new novel kind of stuff for supercapacitor application due to the evolution of technology.
In this work, we reported CEC-Ni as a binder free electrode for SCs application due to its fascinating physio-chemical properties. The valence electron of carbyne possesses sp, and sp2 hybridized atom, which is different from graphene and diamond-like carbon [29]. Generally, carbyne is a linear chain of ‘n’ number of carbon atom composed of either single and triple bond (CC)n or consecutive double bond (CC)n over the liner chain [30], [31]. The theoretical study by Liu et al. proposed that carbyne possesses high strength, high flexibility, and chemically stable in nature [32]. Wesley A. Chalifoux et al. experimental result confirms that carbyne possesses the bandgap of ∼2.56 eV [33]. This outstanding property of carbyne opens the gateway towards the various application. Bettini et al. inspected the use of carbyne-rich carbon films (fabricated by low kinetic energy deposition method) as an electrode material for supercapacitors application [34]. The work by Bettini et al. validates that prospective studies are important for improving the electrochemical properties of carbyne which can be attained either by changing the synthesis method, or removing the binder from the electrode, or applying both faradic and nonfaradic mechanism on charge storage and so on. Therefore in this report, we prepared the novel binder free CEC-Ni foam via extracting the halogen in the PVDF-Ni foam using chemical dehydrohalogenation process and examined its use as a potential binder free electrode for SCs application.
Section snippets
Preparation of CEC-Ni foam:
At first 1 g of PVDF is liquified in 10 ml of N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) solution under constant stirring until homogenous transparent solution is achieved [3], [35]. An inexpensive and more reliable technique of dip and coat process method is employed for the coating of PVDF on the Ni foam. The dip and coat process were continued for 6 cycles and dried in an electric oven at 70 °C for 12 h. Then the PVDF-Ni foam is converted into carbyne-enriched carbon-Ni via one-step extraction of halogen
Results and discussion
In this work, binder-free carbyne-enriched carbon on nickel foam (CEC-Ni) is prepared via extracting the halogen in the PVDF-Ni using chemical dehydrohalogenation process. The mechanism behind the formation of carbyne-enriched carbon on the surface of nickel foam using dehydrohalogenation process is explained in detail in the electronic supplementary information (ESI) [37]. Fig. 1 displays the graphical representation of the preparation of binder free CEC-Ni foam using chemical
Conclusions
In conclusion, we used a simple and cost-effective dip and dry process for the fabrication of high-performance electrode for next generation supercapacitor application. The CEC-Ni were prepared via extraction of halogens from the PVDF-Ni using chemical dehydrohalogenation process. In-depth physio-chemical characterization such as XRD, XPS, Laser Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR, and FE-SEM with elemental mapping was analyzed to confirm the extraction of halogen from the PVDF-Ni foam using
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (2018R1A4A1025998, 2019R1A2C3009747).
References (58)
- et al.
Energy revolution: from a fossil energy era to a new energy era
Nat. Gas Ind. B.
(2016) - et al.
Mechanical energy harvesting properties of free-standing carbyne enriched carbon film derived from dehydrohalogenation of polyvinylidene fluoride
Nano Energy
(2019) - et al.
Graphene-based materials and structures for energy harvesting with fluids–a review
Mater. Today
(2018) - et al.
Graphene for energy harvesting/storage devices and printed electronics
Particuology
(2012) - et al.
Improving electrochemical performance of reduced graphene oxide by counteracting its aggregation through intercalation of nanoparticles
J. Coll. Inter. Sci.
(2019) - et al.
Supercapacitors based on conducting polymers/nanotubes composites
J. Power Sourc.
(2006) - et al.
Biotemplate derived three dimensional nitrogen doped graphene@MnO2 as bifunctional material for supercapacitor and oxygen reduction reaction catalyst
J. Coll. Inter. Sci. 544
(2019) - et al.
Dual functional nickel cobalt/MWCNT composite electrode-based electrochemical capacitor and enzymeless glucose biosensor applications: Influence of Ni/Co molar ratio
J. Ind. Eng. Chem.
(2019) - et al.
Flexible symmetric supercapacitor with ultrahigh energy density based on NiS/MoS2@N-rGO hybrids electrode
J. Coll. Inter. Sci.
(2019) - et al.
Symmetric redox supercapacitor with conducting polyaniline electrodes
J. Power Sourc.
(2002)
Electrochemical analysis of Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline/Polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofibers for supercapacitor applications
Appl. Surf. Sci. 449
Mesoporous 3D NiCo2O4/MWCNT nanocomposite aerogels prepared by a supercritical CO2 drying method for high performance hybrid supercapacitor electrodes
Coll. Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp.
Copper tungsten sulfide anchored on Ni-foam as a high-performance binder free negative electrode for asymmetric supercapacitor
Chem. Eng. J.
Nickel-based materials for supercapacitors
Mater. Today.
A short review on preparation of graphene from waste and bioprecursors
Appl. Mater. Today.
Oriented carbyne layers
Carbon N. Y.
Nanostructured ternary metal chalcogenide-based binder-free electrodes for high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors
Nano Energy
Analysis Method: FTIR studies of β-phase crystal formation in stretched PVDF films
Polym. Test.
Flexible self-charging supercapacitor based on graphene-Ag-3D graphene foam electrodes
Nano Energy.
Blue TiO2 nanosheets as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors
J. Coll. Inter. Sci.
Structural evolution during annealing of thermally reduced graphene nanosheets for application in supercapacitors
Carbon
Effect of reducing agent on graphene synthesis and its influence on charge storage towards supercapacitor applications
Appl. Energy
Ruthenium sulfide nanoparticles as a new pseudocapacitive material for supercapacitor
Electrochim. Acta.
Harvesting electrical energy from carbon nanotube yarn twist
Science (80-.)
Flexible, sandwich-like CNTs/NiCo2O4 hybrid paper electrodes for all-solid state supercapacitors
J. Mater. Chem. A
In situ formation of Ni3S2-Cu1.8S nanosheets to promote hybrid supercapacitor performance
J. Mater. Chem. A
Phosphorization C of mixed metal nanosheet arrays for high performance supercapacitor electrodes
Nanoscale
An approach to classification and capacitance expressions in electrochemical capacitors technology
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
Electrodeposited molybdenum selenide sheets on nickel foam as a binder-free electrode for supercapacitor application
Electrochim. Acta.
Cited by (11)
1,2,4-Triazole (Htrz) functionalised 2D-manganese-organic framework (UPMOF-5) as a battery-type electrode for supercapattery
2023, Journal of Electroanalytical ChemistryCitation Excerpt :Mn1, as labelled in figure 1b, is coordinated to five nitrogen atoms from the triazolate linkers, and one oxygen atom from DMA ligands, whereas Mn2 is coordinated to four nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom from DMA. A bromide ligand completes the coordination sphere of this metal centre, affording the charge neutrality of the layer, and it is expected to significantly add to the electrochemical studies of UPMOF-5, since the presence of electronegative halogen atoms like bromide is expected to assist electron transport and charge build-up [22,23], possibly enhancing electronic conductivity and offering more active sites for Faradic reactions [24–26]. All the triazolate linkers are found within the same tridentate binding mode.
Charge storage mechanism in vanadium telluride/carbon nanobelts as electroactive material in an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor
2022, Journal of Colloid and Interface ScienceCitation Excerpt :The low-frequency inclined line can be attributed to the diffusion related capacitance represented by Warburg element (W). Two CPEs namely, CPEdl and CPEpseudo, reflect electrical double layer capacitance (EDLC) due to adsorption of ions and pseudocapacitance due to transfer of charges at the electrode/electrolyte interface, respectively [47]. As per Fig. 3i, the calculated values of Rel and Rct are summarized in Table S2.
Switching the solubility of electroactive ionic liquids for designing high energy supercapacitor and low potential biosensor
2021, Journal of Colloid and Interface ScienceCitation Excerpt :Supercapacitors based on different electrode materials and electrolytes are constantly being developed with an intention of improving the energy density in terms of operating voltage and specific capacitance [16,17]. A vast effort has been devoted for the development of electrode materials [18-20], while a relatively lesser attention was paid on the electrolyte side and hence it is essential to explore the supercapacitor devices using new electrolyte systems [21,22]. Besides, aqueous electrolytes have the limitations pertaining to cell voltage while the utility of organic electrolytes is restricted due to their poor solubility and high flammability [23,24].
Quantum Capacitance of Two-Dimensional-Material-Based Supercapacitor Electrodes
2023, Energy and Fuels